In Russia, 99.7 percent of the Russian population over the age of 15 can read and write. This is a good percentage of literacy for a country so heavily dependent on manufacturing. This high literacy rate actually improves production, as more workers can read machinery and labels. This way, production is faster, resulting in higher wages for the workers and an increase in GDP. If the workers are literate, they can be trained easier by reading manuals and instructions. This would save time and effort and be able to increase production by having literate workers. The workers would produce faster, and earn higher wages, resulting in higher spending and an increase in GDP.